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Wuji (philosophy)
Wújí 無極 (literally "without ridgepole") originally meant "ultimate; boundless; infinite" in Warring States period (476-221 BCE) Taoist classics, but came to mean the "primordial universe" prior to the Taiji 太極 "Supreme Ultimate" in Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE) Neo-Confucianist cosmology. ''Wuji'' is also a proper noun in Modern Standard Chinese usage; for instance, Wuji County in Hebei.
==The word ''Wuji''==
Chinese ''wuji'' 無極 "limitless; infinite" is a compound of ''wu'' 無 "without; no; not have; there is not; nothing, nothingness" and ''ji'' 極 "ridgepole; roof ridge; highest/utmost point; extreme; earth's pole; reach the end; attain; exhaust". In analogy with the figurative meanings of English ''pole'', Chinese ''ji'' 極 "ridgepole" can mean "geographical pole; direction" (e.g., ''siji'' 四極 "four corners of the earth; world's end"), "magnetic pole" (''Beiji'' 北極 "North Pole" or ''yinji'' 陰極 "negative pole; anode"), or "celestial pole" (''baji'' 八極 "farthest points of the universe; remotest place").
Common English translations of the cosmological ''Wuji'' are "Ultimateless" (Fung and Bodde 1953, Robinet 2008) or "Limitless" (Zhang and Ryden 2002), but other versions are "the ultimate of Nothingness" (Chang 1963), "that which has no Pole" (Needham and Ronan 1978), or "Non-Polar" (Adler 1999).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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